\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u00ab\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646\u00bb (MVNO) \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u2014 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u00ab\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646\u00bb \u0647\u0648: \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u061f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a (MVNO) \u0648\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641 (MNO)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 LI \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 (MVNO) \u0648\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 (MNO)\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Under the European Electronic Communications Code, Member States can make lawful interception a condition of the general authorisation, but national law decides who must do what. Many countries oblige every provider of a public service; others, such as Germany, put the technical obligation on whoever operates the network installation and give pure service providers lighter duties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
For MVNOs that hold their own regulatory registration \u2014 which is the case for most MVNOs operating in European markets \u2014 this means that the MVNO carries LI duties of its own, which may or may not include the full technical obligation. The fact that the MVNO uses the MNO’s network infrastructure does not make compliance the MNO’s problem alone, but it also does not automatically move every obligation to the MVNO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
National rules differ on this point. In Germany, \u00a7 170(1) TKG obliges whoever operates the telecommunications installation used to provide the service. A reseller or light MVNO that relies on its host’s installation must, under \u00a7 170(2) TKG, make sure the host can implement interception orders and tell the Bundesnetzagentur who implements them. A full MVNO that runs its own core is itself an operator under \u00a7 170(1). In the Netherlands, the Telecommunicatiewet places the obligation on the provider of the public electronic communications service. In France, the CPCE requires operators declared with ARCEP to maintain interception capabilities. The specific language differs, and so does the outcome: depending on the country and on how much of the network the MVNO operates, the obligation may sit with the MVNO, with the host MNO, or with both.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Many jurisdictions allow or recognise arrangements where the MNO performs interception on behalf of the MVNO. Where the MVNO is itself the obliged party and the MNO only acts on its behalf, the MVNO stays responsible for the result (in Germany, an obliged party may use a contractor but must remain able to implement orders under its own responsibility, \u00a7 5(3) TK\u00dcV). The MVNO cannot simply point to the MNO and claim that compliance is the MNO’s problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Whatever the legal split, the technical capability to intercept communications often resides with the host MNO. This is because the MVNO’s subscribers communicate over the MNO’s radio access network, and their traffic traverses the MNO’s core network infrastructure. The interception points \u2014 the network elements where traffic can be captured and duplicated \u2014 are typically within the MNO’s domain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
This creates a tension: the entity that holds the subscriber relationship (the MVNO) often lacks the capability, while the host MNO that has the capability may itself be obliged for traffic on its network, as in Germany. Resolving this tension requires either the MVNO to acquire its own technical capability (by deploying its own core network elements and interception infrastructure), or the MNO to provide interception services to the MVNO as part of the wholesale arrangement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a (MVNO). \u0641\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a MVNO \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 LI \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a MVNO \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 (MNO)\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636<\/a>, \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a (MVNO) \u0648\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644 (MNO) \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0633\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 MVNO \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 MNO\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 (MVNO) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644 (MNO) \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0635\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a (MVNO).<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629 (IRI) \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 (CC)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a (MVNO) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a LI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0635\u062a\u00bb \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a (MVNO) \u0648\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 (MNO). \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0630\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 MNO\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 MNO \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 MVNO. \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 MNO \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 (\u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 MVNO)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a (MVNO) \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646 (MVNO) \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 (MNO) \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0630\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 MVNO\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 MVNO \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0640 LI \u2014 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u2014 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 MVNO \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629) \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 MVNO \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The third model is a hybrid approach, where certain aspects of interception are handled by the MNO and others by the MVNO. For example, the MNO might capture the content (CC) in its network, while the MVNO’s own core elements (such as its IMS) produce the event data (IRI); both streams must then carry the same correlation number so the agency can match them, and the MVNO delivers them to law enforcement through its own \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629<\/a>. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a (MVNO) \u0648\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644 (MNO)\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 LI<\/a> of MVNOs. As the MVNO market has grown and diversified, regulators have recognised that MVNOs cannot be overlooked in the enforcement of interception obligations. Some legislators address this directly: Germany’s TKG, for example, sets specific duties for providers that use another operator’s network (\u00a7 170(2) TKG), making clear that the MVNO’s dependency on the MNO does not remove the MVNO’s own responsibilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/a> look at whoever holds the specific duty that was breached. In Germany, failing to maintain interception facilities is an administrative offence with fines of up to EUR 500,000 (\u00a7 228 TKG). Contractual recourse against the MNO does not protect an MVNO from sanctions for its own duties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 (MVNO) \u0648\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644 (MNO) \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0628\u064e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u064e\u0651\u0642\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n For MVNOs, the practical recommendations are clear. Establish which LI duties are yours under national law and your network architecture, and accept that you can outsource the work but not the responsibility. Review your wholesale agreement and ensure that LI is comprehensively addressed, with clear responsibilities, service levels, and technical specifications. If you rely on the MNO for interception, verify its capability before you sign (in Germany this check is a legal duty under \u00a7 170(2) TKG) and test the end-to-end process, including how orders for your subscribers reach the MNO. Maintain your own documentation, audit trails, and operational procedures, even if the MNO performs the technical interception. And invest in understanding the LI landscape in your market, so that you can engage knowledgeably with regulators, law enforcement, and your MNO partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The question of MVNO versus MNO responsibility for lawful interception has no single answer: it depends on national law and on which network elements the MVNO operates, and it is rarely as simple as the commercial agreement suggests. Bridging the gap between legal obligation and technical capability requires careful contractual arrangements, validated technical solutions, and proactive engagement with regulators. MVNOs that approach this challenge systematically, with clear agreements and tested infrastructure, will be well positioned to meet their obligations. Those that leave it unaddressed will discover the consequences at the worst possible time \u2014 when a law enforcement agency presents an interception order and expects it to be executed.<\/p>\n\n\n For MNOs that host MVNOs, the recommendation is equally straightforward: check whether you are yourself obliged for the MVNO traffic on your installation (as in Germany), recognise that your MVNO partners have duties that depend on your technical cooperation, and build this cooperation into your wholesale offering. Providing clear, well-defined LI services to your MVNO partners protects both parties \u2014 the MVNO can meet its legal obligations, and the MNO avoids the reputational and practical complications that arise when an MVNO on its network fails to comply with an interception order. A collaborative approach to LI compliance serves the interests of the entire ecosystem \u2014 operators, regulators, and law enforcement alike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 (MVNO) \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Understanding MVNO lawful interception responsibilities is essential before entering any market. One of the most common \u2014 and most consequential […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":2543,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2175","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industry-use-cases"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/ic-services.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mvno-vs-mno-lawful-interception.jpg",1600,1067,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/ic-services.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mvno-vs-mno-lawful-interception-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/ic-services.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mvno-vs-mno-lawful-interception-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/ic-services.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mvno-vs-mno-lawful-interception-768x512.jpg",768,512,true],"large":["https:\/\/ic-services.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mvno-vs-mno-lawful-interception-1024x683.jpg",1024,683,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/ic-services.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mvno-vs-mno-lawful-interception-1536x1024.jpg",1536,1024,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/ic-services.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mvno-vs-mno-lawful-interception.jpg",1600,1067,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/ic-services.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mvno-vs-mno-lawful-interception-18x12.jpg",18,12,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"David Son","author_link":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/ar\/author\/david\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Understanding MVNO lawful interception responsibilities is essential before entering any market. One of the most common \u2014 and most consequential […]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2175","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2175"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2175\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2687,"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2175\/revisions\/2687"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2543"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2175"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2175"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2175"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n