{"id":2375,"date":"2026-09-19T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-19T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/?p=2375"},"modified":"2026-09-17T18:08:01","modified_gmt":"2026-09-17T17:08:01","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b6-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b2%d9%88%d8%af%d9%8a-%d8%ae%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/ar\/resources\/blog\/lawful-interception-ip-access-providers\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a: \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Lawful interception for ISPs<\/strong> is a legal obligation for every provider that offers public internet access, whether over DSL, cable, fibre, fixed wireless or mobile data. When a court orders the interception of a subscriber&#8217;s connection, the provider must deliver a complete copy of that subscriber&#8217;s IP traffic, together with the related metadata, to the law enforcement agency. It must do so without delay, securely, and without the subscriber noticing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For IP access providers, lawful interception sounds simpler than it is. Dynamic IP addresses, carrier-grade NAT, IPv6 prefix delegation, wholesale access models and 10- or 100-Gigabit links all make it harder to capture the right traffic, completely and without loss. This guide explains what ISPs need to implement, with a focus on Germany and the ETSI standards used across Europe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"key-takeaways\">Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Every public internet access provider is in scope. In Germany, the legal basis is <strong>\u00a7 170 TKG<\/strong>, together with the <strong>TK\u00dcV<\/strong> and the Technical Directive <strong>TR TK\u00dcV<\/strong>. Very small networks can be exempt from keeping permanent facilities, but must still implement orders.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>The target is identified by <strong>subscriber or line identifiers<\/strong> (user name, line ID, MAC address, IMSI\/MSISDN), not by a fixed IP address. The interception system must follow the IP address the target currently holds.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>The <strong>point of interception<\/strong> must sit where the subscriber&#8217;s traffic is still identifiable, which usually means before CGNAT, on or next to the BNG or packet gateway.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Handover follows <strong>ETSI TS 102 232-1 and -3<\/strong> (internet access) or <strong>-7<\/strong> (mobile), with <strong>ETSI TS 103 221<\/strong> for the internal X1\/X2\/X3 interfaces.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>The same infrastructure is used to answer <strong>subscriber and traffic data requests<\/strong> (\u00a7 174 TKG and the traffic data provisions), and it will be affected by the planned <strong>quick freeze<\/strong> and <strong>IP address retention<\/strong> rules.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"who-must-provide-lawful-interception-for-isps\">Who Must Provide Lawful Interception for ISPs?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Germany, \u00a7 170 TKG obliges anyone who operates a telecommunications system used to provide publicly available telecommunications services to implement interception orders and to keep the necessary technical and organisational measures in place at their own cost. Providers that do not operate their own facilities must use an operator that can implement orders on their behalf, and must notify the BNetzA. For internet access, this includes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fixed-line ISPs (DSL, cable, FTTH), including resellers with their own customer relationship (usually through their wholesale partner)<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Mobile network operators and full MVNOs offering mobile data. For the split of responsibilities, see <a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/resources\/blog\/mvno-vs-mno-lawful-interception\/\">MVNO vs MNO: who is responsible for LI?<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li>Fixed wireless, satellite and public Wi-Fi providers, where the service is publicly available<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The TK\u00dcV exempts systems with <strong>no more than 10,000 connected users<\/strong> from keeping permanent interception facilities. However, these providers still have to implement an order when it arrives, typically with a temporary solution such as a <a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/products\/appliances\/temporary-lawful-interception-box\/\">temporary LI box<\/a>. Providers above the threshold must have their facilities in place when they start operations, submit their technical documentation to the <strong>Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA)<\/strong> and demonstrate compliance in the <strong>BNetzA acceptance<\/strong> process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-reference-architecture-lawful-interception-for-isps\">The Reference Architecture: Lawful Interception for ISPs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Component<\/th>\n<th>Role in an ISP network<\/th>\n<th>Standard<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>ADMF \/ LIMS<\/td>\n<td>Receives orders, manages targets, controls the POIs<\/td>\n<td>ETSI TS 103 221-1 (X1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>IRI-POI<\/td>\n<td>Detects target sessions: login, IP assignment, logout<\/td>\n<td>AAA\/RADIUS, DHCP, BNG events<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CC-POI<\/td>\n<td>Copies the target&#8217;s packets<\/td>\n<td>Integrated in the BNG\/BRAS or router, delivered via X3 (ETSI TS 103 221-2); optical TAP only as fallback<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mediation \/ delivery function<\/td>\n<td>Formats and delivers IRI and CC<\/td>\n<td>ETSI TS 103 221-2 (X2\/X3), ETSI TS 102 232<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Handover to the LEA<\/td>\n<td>Secured delivery of HI2 and HI3<\/td>\n<td>ETSI TS 102 232-1 \/ -3 \/ -4 \/ -7, national crypto<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To learn how the pieces fit together, see <a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/resources\/blog\/mediation-function-lawful-interception\/\">how a mediation function works<\/a> and our <a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/products\/software-solutions\/li-mediation-platform\/\">LI Mediation Platform<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-1-identify-the-target-reliably\">Step 1: Identify the Target Reliably<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An internet access order names a subscriber or a line, not an IP address. The interception system must therefore:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Map the ordered identifier (customer number, user name, line ID, MSISDN\/IMSI) to the <strong>network identifiers<\/strong> used at the BNG or packet gateway.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Watch <strong>session events<\/strong> from RADIUS or Diameter accounting (Acct-Start, Interim-Update, Acct-Stop), DHCP and BNG logs.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Follow IP changes<\/strong> in real time: forced reconnects, IPv4 lease changes, IPv6 prefix delegation and dual-stack sessions.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Start capture when the target connects, even if the order was activated while the target was offline.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Each of these events becomes an <strong>IRI record<\/strong> (begin, continue, end) delivered via HI2. For background, see <a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/resources\/blog\/iri-vs-cc-intercept-related-information\/\">IRI vs CC<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-2-capture-the-right-traffic-in-the-right-place\">Step 2: Capture the Right Traffic in the Right Place<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Native X3 first<\/strong>: carrier-grade BNG\/BRAS and routers from Huawei, Cisco, Juniper and other vendors copy the target&#8217;s traffic themselves and deliver it via X3. Passive probes are only a fallback where this is not possible.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Before CGNAT<\/strong>: once many subscribers share one public IP address, their traffic can no longer be separated reliably. Capture on the subscriber side, or deliver the NAT mapping (public IP and port block) together with the CC.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>All traffic of the target<\/strong>: IPv4 and IPv6, TCP, UDP and other protocols, in both directions, without filtering unless the order explicitly limits the scope.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>No loss at high speed<\/strong>: FTTH subscribers can generate multi-gigabit bursts. X3 streams, mediation buffers and timestamping must be sized for peak rates, not averages.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Remove your own encryption<\/strong>: if the provider itself applies encryption or compression in the access network, the delivered copy must be unencrypted. End-to-end encryption by the user remains untouched.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Precise time synchronisation<\/strong> (NTP or PTP) across POIs, AAA and mediation, so that IRI and CC match.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-3-deliver-securely-to-the-agency\">Step 3: Deliver Securely to the Agency<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For internet access services, the handover to the agency follows <strong>ETSI TS 102 232-3<\/strong>, on top of the generic framework in <strong>ETSI TS 102 232-1<\/strong>. Layer-2 services use <strong>-4<\/strong>, and mobile packet data uses <strong>-7<\/strong> or the 3GPP equivalents (TS 33.108 \/ TS 33.128). In Germany, the TR TK\u00dcV specifies the national options, and the connection to the agencies is protected by approved cryptographic gateways. Delivery must be resilient: buffering during outages, retransmission and monitoring of every handover link.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"wholesale-bitstream-and-hosted-networks\">Wholesale, Bitstream and Hosted Networks<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many ISPs do not own the whole access chain:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>With <strong>Layer-2 bitstream access<\/strong>, the reseller usually operates its own BNG and can intercept there.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>With <strong>Layer-3 bitstream<\/strong> or white-label models, IP assignment and routing happen in the wholesale partner&#8217;s network. Responsibilities, data feeds and interception support must be agreed in the wholesale contract.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>With <strong>cloud-hosted or outsourced cores<\/strong>, the interception point may sit in a data centre you do not control. Passive probes, for example via virtual mirror ports, can be a practical solution. See <a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/resources\/blog\/outsourced-core-network-li\/\">LI with an outsourced or hosted core<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"beyond-interception-information-requests\">Beyond Interception: Information Requests<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The same systems and processes support other legal obligations:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Subscriber data requests (\u00a7 174 TKG)<\/strong>, including the identification of a subscriber behind a dynamic IP address at a given time.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Traffic data requests (\u00a7 175 TKG-E)<\/strong>, and in future the preservation of traffic data under the planned <strong>quick freeze<\/strong> (Sicherungsanordnung, \u00a7 176 TKG-E).<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>IP address retention<\/strong>: the planned \u00a7 177 TKG will require access providers to store IP address assignments, including ports behind CGNAT, for three months.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Electronic interfaces<\/strong>: providers with 100,000 or more contract partners must provide the ETSI-ESB procedure (in addition to the E-Mail-ESB), while smaller providers can rely on the E-Mail-ESB.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"common-pitfalls-in-lawful-interception-for-isps\">Common Pitfalls in Lawful Interception for ISPs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Pitfall<\/th>\n<th>Consequence<\/th>\n<th>Remedy<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Capture point behind CGNAT<\/td>\n<td>Traffic of other subscribers captured, or target traffic missed<\/td>\n<td>Move the POI before NAT, or correlate with NAT logs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>IPv6 not covered<\/td>\n<td>Incomplete intercept<\/td>\n<td>Track delegated prefixes and dual-stack sessions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>No interim accounting<\/td>\n<td>IP changes go unnoticed<\/td>\n<td>Enable interim updates and BNG event feeds<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Undersized capture<\/td>\n<td>Packet loss at peak rates<\/td>\n<td>Size for bursts, add hardware timestamping<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Unclear wholesale responsibilities<\/td>\n<td>Orders cannot be implemented<\/td>\n<td>Contractual LI clauses and data feeds<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Incomplete documentation<\/td>\n<td>Delayed BNetzA acceptance<\/td>\n<td>Structured technical concept based on the TR TK\u00dcV<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-ics-supports-lawful-interception-for-isps\">How ICS Supports Lawful Interception for ISPs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ICS International Carrier Services has <strong>more than 20 years of experience in telecommunications, lawful interception and compliance<\/strong> and holds <strong>multiple BNetzA acceptances<\/strong>. We support ISPs from the first concept to 24\/7 operation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Managed LI operations<\/strong> for IP interception, VoIP interception, subscriber data requests (\u00a7 174 TKG) and traffic data requests, as a full-service model. See <a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/services\/managed-li-operations\/\">Managed LI Operations<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Technical concept and BNetzA acceptance<\/strong>: documentation based on the TR TK\u00dcV, test plans and support during the acceptance.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Mediation and handover<\/strong>: our <a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/products\/software-solutions\/li-mediation-platform\/\">LI Mediation Platform<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/products\/software-solutions\/lawful-interception-management-system\/\">LIMS<\/a> deliver ETSI TS 102 232 streams to the agencies.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Test LEMF<\/strong> to verify your HI2\/HI3 delivery before and during the BNetzA acceptance. See <a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/products\/software-solutions\/law-enforcement-monitoring-facility\/\">ICS LEMF<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>X3 integration<\/strong> with BNG\/BRAS and core routers from Huawei, Cisco, Juniper and other leading vendors, with passive probes or cloud mirroring only where direct integration is not possible.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Temporary solutions<\/strong> for small providers below the TK\u00dcV threshold.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Consulting<\/strong> on CGNAT logging, IPv6, wholesale contracts and the upcoming IP address retention.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/contact\/\">Contact our team<\/a> for an assessment of your access network, or read more about our <a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/solutions\/lawful-interception\/\">Lawful Interception solutions<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"frequently-asked-questions\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"is-lawful-interception-for-isps-also-mandatory-for-small-providers\">Is lawful interception for ISPs also mandatory for small providers?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes. In Germany, systems with no more than 10,000 connected users do not have to keep permanent interception facilities, but they must still implement interception orders when they receive them, for example with a temporary solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"which-etsi-standard-applies-to-internet-access-interception\">Which ETSI standard applies to internet access interception?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ETSI TS 102 232-3 defines the handover for internet access services, based on the generic ETSI TS 102 232-1. Mobile packet data uses ETSI TS 102 232-7 or 3GPP TS 33.108 \/ TS 33.128. Internal interfaces follow ETSI TS 103 221 (X1\/X2\/X3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"where-should-an-isp-intercept-traffic-when-cgnat-is-used\">Where should an ISP intercept traffic when CGNAT is used?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ideally before the NAT function, where each subscriber still has a unique private address or session. If that is not possible, the provider must correlate the capture with CGNAT logs (public IP, port block and time).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-is-a-target-identified-if-the-ip-address-changes\">How is a target identified if the IP address changes?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The interception system follows session events from RADIUS or Diameter accounting, DHCP and BNG logs. It maps the ordered subscriber identifier to the IP address or prefix currently assigned and updates the capture filters automatically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"can-an-isp-outsource-lawful-interception\">Can an ISP outsource lawful interception?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes. The legal obligation stays with the provider, but operation can be delegated to a specialised service provider acting on its behalf, as long as security, confidentiality and BNetzA requirements are met.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related-articles\">Related Articles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/resources\/blog\/outsourced-core-network-li\/\">How to Handle LI When Your Core Network Is Outsourced or Hosted<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/resources\/blog\/li-mediation-platform-evaluation\/\">How to Evaluate an LI Mediation Platform: 7 Questions to Ask a Vendor<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/resources\/blog\/x1-x2-x3-interfaces-5g-li\/\">X1\/X2\/X3 Interfaces in 5G: The 3GPP LI Architecture Explained<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/resources\/blog\/li-compliance-as-a-service-sla\/\">LI Compliance as a Service: What SLAs Should You Actually Demand?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"external-resources\">External Resources<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundesnetzagentur.de\/SharedDocs\/Downloads\/DE\/Sachgebiete\/Telekommunikation\/Unternehmen_Institutionen\/Anbieterpflichten\/OeffentlicheSicherheit\/TechnUmsetzung110\/Downloads\/TR_TKUEV_Ausgabe_8.3_EN.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&amp;v=2\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Bundesnetzagentur: Technical Directive TR TK\u00dcV, Edition 8.3 (English, PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.etsi.org\/technologies\/lawful-interception\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">ETSI Lawful Interception Standards (TC LI)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is lawful interception for ISPs also mandatory for small providers?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. In Germany, systems with no more than 10,000 connected users do not have to keep permanent interception facilities, but they must still implement interception orders when they receive them, for example with a temporary solution.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which ETSI standard applies to internet access interception?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"ETSI TS 102 232-3 defines the handover for internet access services, based on the generic ETSI TS 102 232-1. Mobile packet data uses ETSI TS 102 232-7 or 3GPP TS 33.108 \/ TS 33.128. Internal interfaces follow ETSI TS 103 221 (X1\/X2\/X3).\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Where should an ISP intercept traffic when CGNAT is used?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Ideally before the NAT function, where each subscriber still has a unique private address or session. 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The legal obligation stays with the provider, but operation can be delegated to a specialised service provider acting on its behalf, as long as security, confidentiality and BNetzA requirements are met.\"}}]}<\/script>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (IP) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a BNG \u0648RADIUS \u0648CGNAT\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ETSI TS 102 232\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 BNetzA.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":2573,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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Son","author_link":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/ar\/author\/david\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Every provider of public internet access must be able to intercept a subscriber's IP traffic on court order. This guide covers the obligations, the architecture behind BNG, RADIUS and CGNAT, ETSI TS 102 232 handover and the pitfalls that delay BNetzA acceptance.","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2375","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2375"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2375\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2609,"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2375\/revisions\/2609"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2573"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2375"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2375"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2375"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}