{"id":2152,"date":"2026-06-10T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-06-10T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/?p=2152"},"modified":"2026-10-21T14:11:12","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T13:11:12","slug":"vermittlungsfunktion-rechtmasige-uberwachung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/de\/resources\/blog\/mediation-function-lawful-interception\/","title":{"rendered":"Wie eine Mediationsfunktion funktioniert: Die Br\u00fccke zwischen Ihrem Netzwerk und den Strafverfolgungsbeh\u00f6rden"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In der Architektur jedes Telekommunikations\u00fcberwachungssystems nimmt die Vermittlungsfunktion eine entscheidende Rolle ein. Sie befindet sich zwischen der Netzwerkinfrastruktur des Betreibers \u2013 wo die Kommunikation erzeugt, weitergeleitet und verarbeitet wird \u2013 und dem <a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/de\/produkte\/softwarelosungen\/uberwachungseinrichtung-der-strafverfolgungsbehorden\/\">\u00dcberwachungseinrichtung der Strafverfolgungsbeh\u00f6rden<\/a> (LEMF), where intercepted material is received and analysed. The mediation function is the component that translates the intercept records delivered by the network&#8217;s points of interception into the standardised formats required by the handover interfaces, ensuring that what law enforcement receives is complete, correctly formatted, and delivered securely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trotz ihrer Bedeutung geh\u00f6rt die Vermittlungsfunktion oft zu den am wenigsten verstandenen Komponenten der LI-Architektur. Dieser Artikel bietet eine umfassende Erl\u00e4uterung dazu, was die Vermittlungsfunktion leistet, wie sie funktioniert, warum sie unverzichtbar ist und was Betreiber bei der Konzeption oder Auswahl einer <a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/de\/produkte\/softwarelosungen\/li-vermittlungsplattform\/\">Mediationsplattform<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Die Vermittlungsfunktion in der ETSI-Architektur<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the classic ETSI model (TS 101 671), several functional components work together to execute an interception. An internal interception function (IIF) operates within network elements or in dedicated probes\/taps \u2014 switches, session border controllers, packet gateways, and other infrastructure components \u2014 to identify and capture the target&#8217;s communications. A mediation function (MF) receives this captured data from the IIF and processes it for delivery to the LEMF over HI2 (IRI) and HI3 (CC). HI1, the administrative interface, terminates at the operator&#8217;s administration function. Current ETSI and 3GPP architectures (TS 104 007, TS 103 221, 3GPP TS 33.127) call these the point of interception (POI) and the mediation and delivery function (MDF), linked by the standardised X2\/X3 interfaces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The mediation function is the point at which the operator-internal intercept records \u2014 standardised xIRI and xCC received over X2 and X3 (ETSI TS 103 221-2, 3GPP TS 33.128) \u2014 are converted into the handover formats that law enforcement systems expect. The MF adds what the network elements do not know: the LIID, the delivery destinations and the national handover profile. Legacy network elements with proprietary LI interfaces still exist, but they are the exception; some network elements can even deliver handover formats directly. The mediation function provides the necessary translation, normalisation, and formatting to ensure interoperability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In der Praxis wird die Vermittlungsfunktion in der Regel als spezielle Softwareplattform implementiert, die oft als Vermittlungsger\u00e4t oder Vermittlungsplattform bezeichnet wird. Sie kann auf dedizierter Hardware, auf virtuellen Maschinen oder in containerisierten Umgebungen ausgef\u00fchrt werden. Die Plattform empf\u00e4ngt Eingaben von mehreren Netzwerkelementen, verarbeitet diese gem\u00e4\u00df den f\u00fcr jede aktive \u00dcberwachung konfigurierten Regeln und generiert Ausgaben zur Weiterleitung an eine oder mehrere LEMFs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kernfunktionen der Mediationsplattform<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The mediation function performs several core processing tasks that are essential to the interception workflow. The first is task and delivery management. When an interception is activated, the administration function (ADMF, i.e. the <a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/de\/produkte\/softwarelosungen\/system-zur-verwaltung-der-rechtmasigen-abhormasnahmen\/\">Verwaltungsmandat<\/a> system) provisions the target identifiers to the points of interception, and the task identifier (XID), the LIID(s) and the delivery destinations to the mediation function, both over X1 (ETSI TS 103 221-1). The mediation function does not need to know the target identifier: it maps every incoming X2\/X3 record to its LIID(s) and LEMF(s) by the XID, and uses the correlation information carried in X2\/X3 to associate events and content belonging to the same communication across network elements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The second core function is IRI generation. From the event records (xIRI) produced by the points of interception, which may include copies of signalling such as SIP messages or RADIUS and DHCP packets, the mediation function builds the final intercept-related information records in the format required by the applicable handover standard (e.g. ETSI TS 102 232-x for IP-based handover, ETSI TS 101 671 \/ 3GPP TS 33.108 for legacy mobile and circuit-switched services, 3GPP TS 33.128 for 5G) and encodes them in ASN.1 (BER). The IRI events must be accurately timestamped and sequenced to provide a reliable record of the target&#8217;s communication activity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The third core function is CC processing. The mediation function receives the intercepted content \u2014 voice and multimedia streams and IP packets \u2014 from the points of interception over X3 and prepares it for delivery over the HI3 interface. SMS content is normally delivered as IRI over HI2. With circuit-switched (ISDN) handover, media must be adapted to 64 kbit\/s bearers. With IP-based handover (ETSI TS 102 232-5, 3GPP TS 33.108\/33.128), the content is delivered as a transparent, decrypted copy together with its codec description. Where operator-applied media encryption cannot be removed, the decryption keys are delivered to the LEMF as IRI over HI2 instead. For data interception, it involves encapsulating IP packets in the ETSI-defined delivery format. The mediation function must handle the correlation of multiple media streams within a single session, ensuring that related voice and data streams are correctly associated and, where national rules require it (e.g. Germany, TR TK\u00dcV section 3.1.2), that a call&#8217;s content reaches each recording connection only once, under a single correlation number.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The fourth core function is secure delivery. The mediation function establishes and maintains secure connections to the LEMF over the HI2 and HI3 interfaces. This runs over a protected path: a VPN (for example IPsec crypto boxes, as mandated in Germany) or TLS 1.2\/1.3 with certificate-based authentication, depending on the national framework, and includes managing certificates and handling connection failures and reconnection. The delivery mechanism must ensure reliable, in-order delivery of IRI events and CC data, with short-term buffering (national rules set the minimum, e.g. 5 minutes in Germany) and flow control to handle temporary connectivity issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Warrant management is not a mediation task, but it is closely linked. Through HI1 (e.g. ETSI TS 103 120), the administration function (ADMF) receives orders, validates them, manages their lifecycle and audit trail \u2014 tracking activation, modification, and deactivation \u2014 and provisions the network elements and the MF over X1. In some implementations, the ADMF is a separate component that interfaces with the mediation function; in others, it is packaged together with the mediation platform. The standards keep the two functions distinct.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Warum die Vermittlungsfunktion unverzichtbar ist<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The mediation function is essential for several reasons. First, it adapts the operator-internal X2\/X3 delivery to the handover interfaces each authority requires. Network functions from different vendors report in the same standardised X2\/X3 formats; the mediation function adds the LIID, applies the national handover profile, correlates IRI with CC and delivers to each LEMF. Where older equipment still uses a proprietary LI interface, the mediation function also absorbs that format.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Second, together with the administration function, the LI platform gives the operator a single point of control and management for all interception activities. Rather than configuring interception at each individual network element, the operator manages all active intercepts in the ADMF, which provisions the network elements and the mediation platform over X1. This centralisation simplifies operations, reduces the risk of errors, and improves auditability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Drittens bildet die Vermittlungsfunktion die Sicherheitsgrenze zwischen dem Netz des Betreibers und dem Bereich der Strafverfolgungsbeh\u00f6rden. Indem alle \u00dcbergabedaten \u00fcber die Vermittlungsfunktion geleitet werden, kann der Betreiber einheitliche Sicherheitskontrollen, Protokollierung und \u00dcberwachung implementieren. Dies ist weitaus besser zu handhaben, als zu versuchen, direkte Verbindungen von mehreren Netzelementen zur LEMF abzusichern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Viertens erm\u00f6glicht die Vermittlungsfunktion dem Betreiber, mehrere LEMFs gleichzeitig zu unterst\u00fctzen. In Rechtsordnungen, in denen mehrere <a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/de\/losungen\/uberwachung-durch-die-strafverfolgungsbehorden\/\">Strafverfolgungsbeh\u00f6rden<\/a> may issue interception orders \u2014 or where a centralised interception platform receives data from multiple operators \u2014 the mediation function can route intercepted data to the appropriate LEMF using the LIIDs and delivery destinations provisioned for each task, while keeping each agency&#8217;s interception strictly separate and invisible to the others, and, in the multi-operator case, with each operator&#8217;s traffic labelled with that operator&#8217;s own identifier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00dcberlegungen zur Architektur und Bereitstellung<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Die Architektur der Vermittlungsfunktion h\u00e4ngt von der Netzwerktopologie des Betreibers, dem Umfang der \u00dcberwachungsma\u00dfnahmen, der Vielfalt der Netzwerktechnologien und den spezifischen Anforderungen des nationalen LI-Rahmens ab. In einer einfachen Implementierung kann eine einzige Vermittlungsplattform das gesamte Netzwerk bedienen, Erfassungsdaten von allen Netzwerkelementen empfangen und \u00dcbergabedaten an eine einzige LEMF liefern. In komplexeren Umgebungen k\u00f6nnen verteilte Vermittlungsarchitekturen erforderlich sein, bei denen sich Vermittlungsknoten in der N\u00e4he wichtiger Netzwerkelemente befinden und ein zentraler Verwaltungsknoten den Gesamtbetrieb koordiniert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Die Skalierbarkeit ist ein entscheidender Aspekt bei der Konzeption. Die Vermittlungsfunktion muss in der Lage sein, die erwartete Anzahl gleichzeitiger TK\u00dc-Vorg\u00e4nge ohne Leistungseinbu\u00dfen zu bew\u00e4ltigen. F\u00fcr Betreiber mit gro\u00dfem Teilnehmerstamm oder hohem TK\u00dc-Volumen kann dies den Einsatz mehrerer Instanzen mit Lastenausgleich und Ausfallsicherung erfordern. Die Vermittlungsplattform sollte so dimensioniert sein, dass sie Spitzenlasten mit einer gewissen Reserve bew\u00e4ltigen kann, da TK\u00dc-Ausf\u00e4lle aufgrund von Kapazit\u00e4tsengp\u00e4ssen nicht akzeptabel sind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ebenso wichtig ist die Zuverl\u00e4ssigkeit. Die Vermittlungsfunktion ist ein entscheidender Bestandteil der LI-Kette, und jeder Ausfall dieser Funktion f\u00fchrt dazu, dass ausgeleitete Daten nicht \u00fcbermittelt werden. Betreiber sollten redundante Vermittlungsplattformen mit automatischer Ausfallsicherung implementieren und den Betriebszustand sowie die Leistung der Vermittlungsfunktion kontinuierlich \u00fcberwachen. Wartungsfenster und Software-Updates m\u00fcssen sorgf\u00e4ltig geplant werden, um Unterbrechungen bei laufenden TK\u00dc-Vorg\u00e4ngen zu vermeiden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Integration with the operator&#8217;s existing network management and security operations infrastructure is also important. The mediation function should be integrated with the operator&#8217;s monitoring systems, alarm management systems, and security information and event management (SIEM) platforms. This integration ensures that issues with the mediation function are detected and resolved promptly, and that security events related to the LI infrastructure are captured and analysed \u2014 without exposing target identities, LIIDs or warrant data to staff who are not cleared for LI; alarms and logs leaving the LI domain must be sanitised.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Auswahl einer Mediationsplattform<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When selecting a mediation platform, operators should evaluate several key criteria. Standards compliance is the first consideration \u2014 the platform must support the handover standards required by the national framework (usually ETSI-based, often with a national profile). Network technology support is the second \u2014 the platform must be able to interface with all network elements and protocols in the operator&#8217;s infrastructure, including legacy circuit-switched elements, IMS\/VoLTE components, and 5G core network functions, which deliver over the standardised X2\/X3 interfaces (ETSI TS 103 221-2), while the platform itself is provisioned by the ADMF over X1 (ETSI TS 103 221-1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Skalierbarkeit und Leistung sollten im Hinblick auf das aktuelle und das prognostizierte TK\u00dc-Volumen des Betreibers bewertet werden. Sicherheitsfunktionen \u2013 darunter Verschl\u00fcsselung, Zugriffskontrollen, Protokollierung und Zertifikatsverwaltung \u2013 sollten sowohl den Anforderungen der Sicherheitsrichtlinien des Betreibers als auch denen des nationalen LI-Rahmenwerks entsprechen. Verwaltbarkeit und einfache Bedienbarkeit sind praktische Aspekte, die sich auf die Gesamtbetriebskosten und den Arbeitsaufwand f\u00fcr das LI-Team auswirken.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Auch die Erfolgsbilanz und die Supportkapazit\u00e4ten des Anbieters spielen eine wichtige Rolle. Die Vermittlungsfunktion erfordert fortlaufende Wartung, Aktualisierungen und Support, da sich die Netzwerktechnologien weiterentwickeln und die LI-Standards \u00fcberarbeitet werden. Betreiber sollten einen Anbieter w\u00e4hlen, der sich nachweislich f\u00fcr den LI-Markt engagiert und der nachweislich zeitnahen Support und Aktualisierungen bietet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Schlussfolgerung<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The mediation function is the essential bridge between the operator&#8217;s network and law enforcement. It turns the standardised records delivered by the points of interception into the handover formats each authority requires, provides the security boundary between the operator and law enforcement domains, and enables the reliable, scalable delivery of intercepted material, while the administration function centralises the management of interception operations. For operators, investing in a robust, well-designed mediation function is one of the most important decisions in building a compliant and effective <a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/de\/losungen\/lawful-interception\/\">Befugnis zur Telekommunikations\u00fcberwachung<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Verwandte Artikel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Weitere Informationen zu verwandten Themen finden Sie in diesen Artikeln:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/de\/?p=2144\">ETSI TS 103 120 Explained: The Electronic HI1 Warrant Interface<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/de\/?p=2146\">HI1 vs. HI2 vs. HI3: Die drei Lawful-Interception-Schnittstellen im \u00dcberblick<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/de\/?p=2156\">Worauf ist bei einem LIMS (Lawful Interception Management System) zu achten?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Externe Ressourcen<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Die folgenden externen Quellen bieten zus\u00e4tzlichen Kontext und offizielle Dokumentation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.etsi.org\/technologies\/lawful-interception\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ETSI-Normen f\u00fcr Telekommunikations\u00fcberwachung (TK\u00dc)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the architecture of any lawful interception system, the mediation function occupies a critical position. It sits between the operator&#8217;s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":2533,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2152","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technical-standards-architecture"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/ic-services.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mediation-function-lawful-interception.jpg",975,1280,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/ic-services.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mediation-function-lawful-interception-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/ic-services.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mediation-function-lawful-interception-229x300.jpg",229,300,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/ic-services.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mediation-function-lawful-interception-768x1008.jpg",768,1008,true],"large":["https:\/\/ic-services.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mediation-function-lawful-interception-780x1024.jpg",780,1024,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/ic-services.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mediation-function-lawful-interception.jpg",975,1280,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/ic-services.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mediation-function-lawful-interception.jpg",975,1280,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/ic-services.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mediation-function-lawful-interception-9x12.jpg",9,12,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"David Son","author_link":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/de\/author\/david\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"In the architecture of any lawful interception system, the mediation function occupies a critical position. It sits between the operator&#8217;s [&hellip;]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2152","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2152"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2152\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2693,"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2152\/revisions\/2693"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2533"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2152"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2152"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2152"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}