{"id":2301,"date":"2026-04-10T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-04-10T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/resources\/blog\/e-evidence-vs-mlat\/"},"modified":"2026-10-21T14:21:57","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T13:21:57","slug":"e-prove-vs-mlat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/it\/resources\/blog\/e-evidence-vs-mlat\/","title":{"rendered":"e-Evidence vs. MLAT: Cosa \u00e8 cambiato per i fornitori di servizi nell'UE"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Until now, a prosecutor in France who needed data from a provider in Germany had to use judicial cooperation: since 2017 mainly the European Investigation Order (up to 120 days), and outside the EU, <strong>mutual legal assistance (MLA\/MLAT)<\/strong>, which takes about 10 months on average according to the European Commission. These channels worked \u2014 eventually \u2014 but they were built for paper-era investigations, not for cloud-era cybercrime, ransomware, online fraud or cross-border terrorism. By the time a provider finally received a request, suspects had often disappeared and ephemeral data had been lost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/it\/risorse\/che-cose-la-prova-elettronica\/\">Regolamento UE sulle prove elettroniche (UE) 2023\/1543<\/a><\/strong>, which has applied directly since <strong>18 agosto 2026<\/strong>, fundamentally changes that picture. It adds a fast, harmonised, judicial-to-provider channel alongside the slower EIO and MLA routes, which operates in days \u2014 and in emergencies, in hours. For every electronic communications, hosting, cloud, marketplace and online platform provider operating in the EU, this is the most significant shift in cross-border evidence law in a generation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This article explains, in practical terms, what changed between the MLAT world and the e-Evidence world, what it means operationally, and how service providers should reshape their compliance programmes now that the Regulation applies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Il vecchio mondo: come funzionavano le MLAT (e perch\u00e9 hanno faticato)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un MLAT \u00e8 un trattato bilaterale o multilaterale di diritto internazionale pubblico che consente a uno Stato di richiedere a un altro la cooperazione giudiziaria, compresa la produzione di prove. In pratica, una richiesta di MLAT per ottenere prove elettroniche ha seguito un percorso lungo e a pi\u00f9 fasi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Un procuratore della <strong>Stato richiedente<\/strong> redigere una rogatoria formale e presentarla all'Autorit\u00e0 centrale nazionale (tipicamente il Ministero della Giustizia).<\/li>\n<li>The Central Authority reviewed and translated the request, then forwarded it to its counterpart Central Authority (or, under some treaties, through diplomatic channels) in the <strong>Stato richiesto<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>L'Autorit\u00e0 centrale ricevente ha trasmesso la richiesta a un tribunale o a un pubblico ministero locale competente.<\/li>\n<li>L'autorit\u00e0 locale ha emesso un'ordinanza giudiziaria nazionale contro il fornitore di servizi.<\/li>\n<li>Il fornitore produceva i dati, che venivano poi ritrasmessi in senso inverso attraverso la stessa catena.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ogni passo aggiungeva settimane o mesi. I requisiti di traduzione e formalit\u00e0 aggiungevano ulteriori ritardi. Quando il fornitore richiesto riceveva finalmente un ordine nazionale esecutivo, l'indagine sottostante era spesso andata avanti, i dati potevano essere scaduti o il sospetto aveva attraversato un altro confine. Gli studi hanno ripetutamente riscontrato tempi medi di ciclo MLAT di circa <strong>10 mesi<\/strong>, in molti casi si protraggono per ben oltre un anno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Il nuovo mondo: Ordini diretti nell'ambito del regolamento UE sulle prove elettroniche<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il regolamento sulle prove elettroniche introduce due nuovi strumenti: il <strong>European Production Order<\/strong> e il <strong>European Preservation Order<\/strong>, transmitted as standardised certificates (EPOC and EPOC-PR) \u2014 that judicial authorities can issue <strong>direttamente a un fornitore di servizi<\/strong> in another Member State, without going through diplomatic or governmental intermediaries. Orders travel through the EU&#8217;s decentralised IT system, whose Member State access points use <strong>e-CODEX<\/strong>. Providers connect to their Member State&#8217;s national system, either manually through the web-based interface or automatically through an API based on ETSI TS 104 144.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prendiamo lo stesso scenario: un procuratore francese che indaga su un attacco ransomware ai danni di ospedali dell\u2019UE ha bisogno di abbonati e <a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/it\/soluzioni\/conservazione-dei-dati\/\">dati sul traffico<\/a> held by a German hosting provider. Under e-Evidence, the prosecutor has the order validated by a judge, issues a European Production Order and sends it directly to the provider&#8217;s designated establishment or legal representative; because traffic data are requested, the German enforcing authority is notified at the same time. The provider validates the order, extracts the data, and delivers it back through the decentralised IT system. Evidence larger than 25 MB, and any traffic with Member States whose national components are not yet live, goes by secure alternative means with a hash-protected manifest. <strong>La tempistica standard \u00e8 di 10 giorni. Per le emergenze la tempistica \u00e8 di 8 ore.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">e-Evidence vs MLAT: Un confronto fianco a fianco<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Dimensione<\/th><th>MLAT<\/th><th>Regolamento UE sulle prove elettroniche<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Base giuridica<\/strong><\/td><td>Trattato bilaterale \/ multilaterale<\/td><td>Regolamento UE, direttamente applicabile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Destinatario della richiesta<\/strong><\/td><td>Autorit\u00e0 di uno Stato estero<\/td><td>Provider&#8217;s designated establishment \/ legal representative (directly)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Canale di trasmissione<\/strong><\/td><td>Autorit\u00e0 diplomatiche e centrali<\/td><td>EU decentralised IT system (e-CODEX-based)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Tempi tipici<\/strong><\/td><td>MLA: ~10 months on average; EIO: up to 120 days<\/td><td>10 giorni standard \/ 8 ore di emergenza<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Formato<\/strong><\/td><td>Lettera rogatoria in forma libera<\/td><td>Certificati EPOC \/ EPOC-PR standardizzati<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Ruolo del fornitore<\/strong><\/td><td>Destinatario di un ordine domestico<\/td><td>Destinatario diretto dell'ordine estero<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Sanzioni per i fornitori<\/strong><\/td><td>Diritto interno dello Stato richiesto<\/td><td>Pecuniary penalties of up to 2% of total worldwide annual turnover of the preceding financial year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Conservazione dei dati<\/strong><\/td><td>Ad hoc, a seconda della giurisdizione<\/td><td>EPOC-PR armonizzato (60 + 30 giorni)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Ambito geografico<\/strong><\/td><td>Solo da Stato a Stato<\/td><td>Providers offering services in the EU (substantial connection); all Member States except Denmark<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cosa resta invariato e dove le MLAT sono ancora importanti<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il regolamento sulle prove elettroniche non abolisce i MLAT. Essi rimangono il meccanismo principale per le richieste di prove che coinvolgono Paesi non appartenenti all'UE e continuano ad essere applicati in molti scenari giudiziari penali al di fuori dell'ambito di applicazione del regolamento. All'interno dell'UE, i pubblici ministeri possono anche continuare a fare affidamento sull'Ordine europeo di indagine (OEI) ai sensi della direttiva 2014\/41\/UE per misure investigative pi\u00f9 ampie. Il regolamento sulle prove elettroniche \u00e8 meglio inteso come una <strong>strumento specializzato e pi\u00f9 veloce<\/strong> per un'esigenza specifica - la produzione e la conservazione di prove elettroniche - sovrapposto al kit di strumenti esistente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Per i fornitori di servizi non appartenenti all'UE, l'effetto pratico \u00e8 che le richieste da parte delle autorit\u00e0 dell'UE arriveranno sempre pi\u00f9 spesso tramite e-Evidence piuttosto che tramite MLAT, a condizione che il fornitore offra servizi nell'UE e abbia, o nomini, un rappresentante legale in uno Stato membro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cosa significa questo per i fornitori di servizi nella pratica<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Switching from a months-long cooperation process (about 10 months for MLA, up to 120 days for an EIO) to a 10-day (or 8-hour) direct process is not just faster \u2014 it is a different operating model. Compliance can no longer be a quarterly side-task handled by a single privacy lawyer. It has to be embedded into engineering, security operations and customer support. The implications fall into four broad areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Acquisizione e convalida automatica degli ordini<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Manual mailbox-based intake will not scale. You need an authenticated connection to your Member State&#8217;s national system (via the web-based interface or an API based on ETSI TS 104 144) and an intake process that can receive, time-stamp, validate signatures, check issuing-authority credentials and route orders to the right responders. Solutions such as the <a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/it\/prodotti\/piattaforma-di-prove-elettroniche\/\">Piattaforma di conformit\u00e0 e-Evidence ICS<\/a> sono costruiti proprio per questo flusso di lavoro, ma i fornitori possono anche costruirli internamente se hanno la capacit\u00e0 di progettazione.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Estrazione dei dati standardizzata tra i sistemi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Regulation distinguishes between subscriber, identification, traffic and content data, each with different thresholds. Your data inventory must map each system to the categories of data it holds, and your extraction tooling must deliver results through the decentralised IT system (web interface or the API based on ETSI TS 104 144) or, where that is not possible, by secure alternative means, always with integrity protection and in formats the issuing authority can process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Prontezza operativa 24 ore su 24, 7 giorni su 7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La finestra di emergenza di 8 ore si applica a qualsiasi ora del giorno, in qualsiasi giorno dell'anno. Ci\u00f2 richiede un numero di operatori legali e ingegneristici nominati a chiamata, manuali di gestione, percorsi di escalation ed esercitazioni tabletop provate. Per le organizzazioni che non sono in grado di sostenere internamente questo impegno, una <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/it\/soluzioni\/legal-representative-service\/\">Legal Representative service<\/a><\/strong> (for providers outside the EU), combined with managed operations, is increasingly the pragmatic answer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Tracce di audit a prova di manomissione<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ogni azione - ricezione, convalida, instradamento interno, estrazione, revisione e consegna - deve essere catturata in un audit trail sufficientemente solido da poter essere ammesso come prova e dimostrare, a posteriori, il rispetto delle scadenze, della minimizzazione e dell'ambito specifico dell'ordine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sanzioni: Perch\u00e9 il margine di manovra dell'era MLAT \u00e8 scomparso<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under MLAT, friction in the system was tolerated because everyone \u2014 investigators, providers, courts \u2014 knew it was slow. The e-Evidence Regulation has no such slack. Member States are required to impose effective, proportionate and dissuasive penalties, with pecuniary penalties of <strong>up to 2% of the provider&#8217;s total worldwide annual turnover of the preceding financial year<\/strong>, imposed by the enforcing authority. Repeated or systemic failures can also trigger court orders, regulatory action by national competent authorities and serious reputational damage with enterprise customers and regulators.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Interazione con il GDPR, il NIS2 e la legge sui servizi digitali<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">e-Evidence does not override the GDPR. Disclosures must remain lawful, minimised and properly logged in records of processing. Where the provider is in scope of the NIS2 Directive, security controls and incident handling must also align with it, and <a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/it\/soluzioni\/e-evidence-enterprise\/\">intermediary service providers<\/a> (other than micro and small enterprises) must report orders received from Member State authorities in their DSA transparency reports. A modern compliance programme treats these regimes as overlapping rather than competing \u2014 the same intake, audit and minimisation infrastructure can serve all of them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Domande frequenti<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Per un riferimento pi\u00f9 lungo, consultare il nostro sito dedicato <a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/it\/risorse\/faq-sulle-prove-elettroniche\/\">FAQ su e-Evidence<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Il Regolamento UE sulle prove elettroniche sostituisce i MLAT?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No, li integra. I MLAT rimangono in vigore, in particolare per la cooperazione con i Paesi terzi. All'interno dell'UE, e-Evidence offre un canale specializzato e pi\u00f9 rapido per la produzione e la conservazione di prove elettroniche.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Un pubblico ministero di uno Stato membro pu\u00f2 davvero ordinare i dati direttamente da un fornitore di un altro Stato membro?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes. That is the central innovation of the Regulation. Subject to the safeguards and grounds for refusal in the Regulation, a competent judicial authority issues a European Production Order that the provider must execute directly, without first going through the authorities of the receiving State. For traffic and content data, that State&#8217;s enforcing authority is notified in parallel and has 10 days (96 hours in emergencies) to raise a ground for refusal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L'e-Evidence si applica ai fornitori non UE?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes \u2014 any provider offering services in the EU (with a substantial connection, such as a significant number of EU users or targeting EU markets) is in scope and must appoint a legal representative in a Member State where it offers services to receive and act on orders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cosa succede se la mia organizzazione non riesce a rispettare la scadenza delle 8 ore?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Missed deadlines can lead to enforcement by the competent authority of the enforcing State, including fines of up to 2% of global annual turnover. If you cannot meet a deadline, report the reasons on the Annex III form before the deadline expires. Documented, proportionate efforts are your main mitigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dalla conformit\u00e0 all'era MLAT alle operazioni pronte per le prove elettroniche<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il passaggio dal MLAT all'e-Evidence \u00e8, nella sua essenza, un passaggio da <em>occasionale, lento, cartaceo<\/em> cooperazione per <em>continuo, veloce, guidato dal software<\/em> cooperation. Service providers that thrived under the MLAT model \u2014 relying on legacy email queues and ad-hoc legal review \u2014 are already struggling now that the Regulation applies. Those that invest now in <a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/it\/soluzioni\/e-conformita-delle-prove\/\">Operazioni di conformit\u00e0 pronte per l'e-Evidence<\/a> non si limiteranno a evitare le sanzioni, ma trasformeranno la disponibilit\u00e0 delle forze dell'ordine in un segnale di fiducia per i clienti delle aziende e per le autorit\u00e0 di regolamentazione.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se desiderate una valutazione indipendente del vostro grado di preparazione, l'ICS vi offre un servizio completo di <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/it\/soluzioni\/e-conformita-delle-prove\/\">Valutazione della conformit\u00e0 di e-Evidence<\/a><\/strong> covering legal scope, technical infrastructure and operational processes \u2014 together with a clear roadmap to close any gaps now that the Regulation applies. <a href=\"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/it\/contatto\/\"><strong>Contattare ICS oggi<\/strong><\/a> per programmare il vostro.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Until now, a prosecutor in France who needed data from a provider in Germany had to use judicial cooperation: since [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":2556,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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