{"id":978,"date":"2026-01-23T09:42:25","date_gmt":"2026-01-23T09:42:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.ic-services.io\/?p=978"},"modified":"2026-10-21T14:12:32","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T13:12:32","slug":"mvno-3g-%ec%85%a7%eb%8b%a4%ec%9a%b4-%ed%95%a9%eb%b2%95%ec%a0%81-%ea%b0%90%ec%b2%ad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ic-services.io\/ko\/resources\/blog\/mvno-3g-shutdown-lawful-interception\/","title":{"rendered":"3G Shutdown and IMS Voice: When MVNOs Need Their Own Lawful Interception"},"content":{"rendered":"

Why the 3G Shutdown Matters For MVNO Lawful Interception<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Most European operators have already switched off 3G (in Germany, for example, during 2021), and 2G networks are next: Telekom Deutschland plans to switch off 2G by 30 June 2028. For most subscribers, this means faster data and better coverage on 4G and 5G. For Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs) that run their own voice core, or that move to their own IMS as 3G (and later 2G) networks close, lawful interception has to move to the IMS as well. Light MVNOs that use their host’s VoLTE service usually remain covered by the host’s LI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Under 3G, most light MVNOs relied on their host MNO’s circuit-switched core, so the host carried out the interception; depending on national law, the MVNO still had its own duties, such as making sure the host could implement orders. Full MVNOs that ran their own switching already operated their own LI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For MVNOs that take voice into their own hands, that model changes when circuit-switched voice disappears.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud68c\ub85c \uc804\ud658\uc5d0\uc11c IMS\ub85c: \uae30\uc220\uc801 \uc804\ud658<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

3G\uac00 \ud3d0\uae30\ub428\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc74c\uc131 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\ub294 VoLTE(Voice over LTE) \ubc0f VoNR(Voice over New Radio for 5G)\ub85c \ub9c8\uc774\uadf8\ub808\uc774\uc158\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub450 \uae30\uc220 \ubaa8\ub450 IP \uba40\ud2f0\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4 \uc11c\ube0c\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c(IMS) \uc544\ud0a4\ud14d\ucc98\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc74c\uc131\uc744 IP \ud328\ud0b7\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\ub2ec\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some host MNOs do not offer VoLTE to their MVNOs, and many full MVNOs choose to run their own IMS for control over features and billing. Running its own IMS gives an MVNO more control over service features, billing and customer experience. But it also means the MVNO now controls voice call signalling and, through its IMS media functions, the voice media, and with that it takes on lawful interception duties of its own.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the MVNO operates the IMS core that processes voice calls, it becomes an obliged operator for that voice service. The host MNO usually keeps obligations for the radio and packet core it operates, so the two parties must agree who delivers what to avoid gaps and duplicate content.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MVNO\uac00 \uad6c\ud604\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ud56d<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\uc790\uccb4 IMS \uc778\ud504\ub77c\ub85c \uc804\ud658 \uc911\uc778 MVNO\uc5d0\ub294 \uc644\ubcbd\ud55c MVNO \uc194\ub8e8\uc158\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud569\ubc95\uc801 \uac10\uccad \uc194\ub8e8\uc158<\/a> \ub2e4\uc74c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8f9\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc601\uc7a5 \uad00\ub9ac<\/a><\/strong>
A system to receive, validate and track lawful interception requests from law enforcement agencies. This includes managing target identities (for IMS voice, for example the IMPU\/TEL URI, IMPI, MSISDN or IMEI), warrant timelines and authorized agency access.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IMS \ucc28\ub2e8 \uc9c0\uc810<\/strong>
Integration with the IMS core to collect Intercept Related Information (IRI) and Content of Communication (CC) for VoLTE and VoNR calls. This requires interception of signalling (IRI) at the P-CSCF\/S-CSCF and of media (CC) at the media-plane functions such as the IMS-AGW, TrGW or MRF (3GPP TS 33.127).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc911\uc7ac \ubc0f \uc11c\uc2dd \uc9c0\uc815<\/strong>
A \uc911\uc7ac \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc<\/a> that receives the X2\/X3 output of the IMS points of interception and delivers it in the handover format required nationally, for example ETSI TS 102 232-5<\/a> for IP multimedia, used with the TS 102 232-1<\/a> PS-PDU (as in Germany), or 3GPP TS 33.108\/33.128.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ubcf4\uc548 \ud578\ub4dc\uc624\ubc84<\/strong>
\uc554\ud638\ud654\ub41c \uc804\uc1a1 \uacbd\ub85c(IRI\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 HI2, CC\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 HI3)\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ubc95 \uc9d1\ud589 \uae30\uad00\uc758 \uac10\uc2dc \uc2dc\uc124<\/a>, \uc0c1\ud638 \uc778\uc99d, \uc804\uc1a1 \ud655\uc778 \ubc0f \uac10\uc0ac \ub85c\uadf8 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uac16\ucd94\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uaddc\uc815 \uc900\uc218 \ubcf4\uace0<\/strong>
\uaddc\uc81c \uac10\uc0ac \uc2dc \uaddc\uc815 \uc900\uc218\ub97c \uc785\uc99d\ud558\uace0 \ucc28\ub2e8 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uae30\uad00\uc758 \ubb38\uc758\uc5d0 \ub300\uc751\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubb38\uc11c\ud654 \ubc0f \ubcf4\uace0 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc778\ud504\ub77c\ub97c \uc790\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\ucd95\ud558\ub824\uba74 3GPP \ud45c\uc900, ETSI LI \uc0ac\uc591, IMS \uc544\ud0a4\ud14d\ucc98 \ubc0f \ubc95 \uc9d1\ud589 \uc778\ud130\ud398\uc774\uc2a4 \uc694\uad6c \uc0ac\ud56d\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc804\ubb38 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud55c\ub370, \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 MVNO\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc804\ubb38 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \uac16\ucd98 \uc9c1\uc6d0\uc774 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MVNO\uac00 \ub098\uc544\uac08 \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 \uae38<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uba74\ud55c MVNO\uc5d0\ub294 \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc635\uc158\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc635\uc158 1: \uc0ac\ub0b4 \uad6c\ucd95<\/strong>
LI \uc804\ubb38\uac00\ub97c \uace0\uc6a9\ud558\uace0, \ubbf8\ub514\uc5d0\uc774\uc158 \uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc6e8\uc5b4\ub97c \uad6c\ub9e4\ud558\uace0, IMS \uc694\uc18c\uc640 \ud1b5\ud569\ud558\uace0, LEA \uc5f0\uacb0\uc744 \uc124\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc81c\uc5b4\ub825\uc744 \uadf9\ub300\ud654\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \uc790\ubcf8 \ud22c\uc790, \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \uc6b4\uc601 \ube44\uc6a9, \uc9c4\ud654\ud558\ub294 \ud45c\uc900\uc744 \ub530\ub77c\uc7a1\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ub2a5\ub825\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc120\ud0dd\uc9c0 2: \uad00\ub9ac\ud615 LI<\/a> \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4<\/strong>
Outsource the entire LI operation to a specialist provider like ICS. The provider operates the mediation platform, manages warrant lifecycles, handles LEA handover and runs day-to-day compliance on your behalf. The legal obligation stays with you. The MVNO maintains oversight but avoids building specialized infrastructure and hiring dedicated staff.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc635\uc158 3: \uc9c0\uc6d0\ub418\ub294 \uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc6e8\uc5b4 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc<\/strong>
LI \uad00\ub9ac \ubc0f \uc911\uac1c \uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc6e8\uc5b4\ub97c \ub77c\uc774\uc120\uc2a4\ud558\uc5ec \uc790\uccb4 \uc778\ud504\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e4\ud589\ud558\uace0, LI \uc804\ubb38\uac00\uc758 \uad6c\ud604 \uc9c0\uc6d0, \uad50\uc721 \ubc0f \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \ucee8\uc124\ud305\uc744 \ubc1b\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc911\uac04 \uacbd\ub85c\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uba74 \uc124\uc815 \ubc0f \uc720\uc9c0 \uad00\ub9ac\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \uc678\ubd80 \uc804\ubb38 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc81c\uc5b4\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Most MVNOs find that managed services or supported software platforms offer the best balance of compliance assurance, cost control and operational simplicity. The business case for building in-house only makes sense at significant scale \u2013 typically two to three million subscribers or more in one market.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \uc21c\uac04\uae4c\uc9c0 \uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac\uc9c0 \ub9c8\uc138\uc694.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Shutdown timelines vary by country, but the trend is clear: circuit-switched voice is ending, IMS is the future, and MVNOs that operate their own IMS need their own lawful interception solutions. Regulators expect compliance from day one of IMS operation \u2013 there’s no grace period for MVNOs to “figure it out later.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ICS\ub294 MVNO\uac00 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc804\ud658\uc744 \ud0d0\uc0c9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc720\uc5f0\ud55c \uc194\ub8e8\uc158\uc73c\ub85c<\/a> \uace0\uac1d\uc758 \uc77c\uc815, \uc608\uc0b0 \ubc0f \uae30\uc220 \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0 \ub9de\ub294 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc644\ubcbd\ud55c \ub9e4\ub2c8\uc9c0\ub4dc \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4, IMS \ucc28\ub2e8\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ud1b5\ud569 \uc9c0\uc6d0 \ub610\ub294 \uc758\ubb34 \uc0ac\ud56d\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ucee8\uc124\ud305\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc74c\uc131 \uc778\ud504\ub77c\uac00 \ubc1c\uc804\ud568\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uaddc\uc815\uc744 \uc900\uc218\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \uc804\ubb38 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3G \uc885\ub8cc\ub294 \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \uac15\uc694\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. MVNO\uc758 \ud569\ubc95\uc801\uc778 \ucc28\ub2e8\uc774 IMS \ub9c8\uc774\uadf8\ub808\uc774\uc158 \uacc4\ud68d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc608\uc0c1\uce58 \ubabb\ud55c \uc7a5\uc560\ubb3c\uc774 \ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\uc138\uc694.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ICS\uc5d0 \ubb38\uc758\ud558\uc5ec MVNO\uc758 \ud569\ubc95\uc801\uc778 \uac10\uccad \uc694\uac74\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub17c\uc758\ud558\uace0 IMS \ubc30\ud3ec\uc5d0 \uc801\ud569\ud55c \uc194\ub8e8\uc158\uc744 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uc138\uc694.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Further Reading on IMS Lawful Interception for MVNOs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\uad00\ub828 \uc8fc\uc81c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc790\uc138\ud55c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c \ubb38\uc11c\ub97c \ucc38\uc870\ud558\uc138\uc694:<\/p>\n\n\n\n