联网汽车数据的兴起正在改变执法部门的调查方式。车联网数据正迅速成为刑事调查中最有价值的资源之一。现代汽车不再是纯粹的机械系统。如今的汽车是高度互联的数字平台，配备了嵌入式 SIM 卡、云连接、先进的远程信息处理、远程诊断、空中更新和基于应用程序的用户界面。.
因此，车辆正在成为更广泛的通信生态系统的一部分--这种演变对执法部门具有重要影响。.
互联汽车数据如何改变调查工作
Connected vehicles exchange data with:
- 汽车原始设备制造商后台系统
- 远程信息处理服务平台
- 导航和交通服务提供商
- Emergency call systems (eCall), which by law stay dormant and connect only when a crash or a manual call triggers them
- 与车主关联的移动应用程序
- 车对物 (V2X) 基础设施
这种连通性提高了安全性、便利性和效率。与此同时，它还创建了新的数据类别，这些数据可能与刑事调查和合法披露情况有关。.
车辆不再仅仅是犯罪现场的实物，它们日益成为数字证据平台。.
车联网数据为何重要
在许多调查中，执法机关可能要求获取与车辆有关的数据，如
- 历史或实时车辆位置
- 用户或所有者身份信息
- 远程信息处理事件数据
- 远程命令日志
- 车辆与后台系统之间的通信记录
在涉及以下方面的案件中，这些数据可能至关重要：
- 有组织犯罪
- 恐怖主义调查
- 车辆盗窃
- 失踪人员
- 严重交通事故
- 跨境调查
在获得合法授权的情况下，访问联网车辆数据可以大大提高调查能力。.
汽车制造商和服务提供商的作用
The vehicle’s own mobile connection is an ordinary subscription on a mobile network, so the operator’s existing lawful interception obligations, and any national data retention rules, apply to it. What is new is the data held outside the network. Unlike traditional telecommunications interception — where operators provide standardized 合法拦截 接口——联网车辆的数据通常由以下方面控制：
- 汽车制造商（原始设备制造商）
- 远程信息处理供应商
- 云服务运营商
- 移动平台提供商
Standards such as ETSI TS 103 976 let authorities map a VIN to the vehicle’s IMSI, IMEI or MSISDN, which can then be targeted at the network operator in the usual way. In many scenarios, law enforcement authorities must engage directly with vehicle manufacturers or their service partners to request data disclosure.
这带来了运营和监管方面的挑战，包括
- 明确的法律程序
- 安全数据移交机制
- 标准化技术接口
- 多管辖区协调
- 数据保护和合规保障
Which legal route applies depends on the provider. Since 18 August 2026, the EU e-Evidence Regulation (EU) 2023/1543 lets authorities send production orders directly to providers in other Member States, but only if the provider’s service falls within its definition of a service provider. Otherwise national production orders or mutual legal assistance apply. The EU Data Act gives vehicle users access to their data but is not a law-enforcement access route.
Insights from ETSI TR 103 854 and TS 103 976
ETSI 技术报告 TR 103 854 (2022) studies an interface for lawful disclosure of vehicle-related data: a law enforcement agency sends a request to the organisation that holds the data (an OEM, telematics provider or other ‘Response Processing System’, called ‘Request Processing System’ in the later TS 103 976) and receives a structured response. It deliberately excludes live streams such as voice or video, which remain the domain of classic lawful interception.
The document outlines example use cases and recommendations. It addresses topics such as:
- 确定相关利益攸关方
- 获取车辆生成的数据
- Example use cases such as VIN-to-IMEI, VIN-to-IMSI and VIN-to-location
- 跨境合作挑战
- HTTPS and XML/JSON request/response exchanges based on the ETSI TS 103 120 message format, designed to work across borders
The study has since been turned into a normative standard: ETSI TS 103 976, ‘Interface for Lawful Disclosure of vehicle-related data’ (first published 2024, current version V1.5.1 of November 2025). It defines request types such as VIN-to-communications-identifier, VIN-to-location and VIN-to-connected-devices, uses the ETSI TS 103 120 messaging format, and sets mandatory security and audit requirements. ETSI’s work shows that vehicle data is now part of the lawful access landscape, mainly through lawful disclosure of data held by manufacturers and service providers rather than real-time interception.
为未来需求做准备
随着互联成为全球车队的标准配置，合法获取车辆相关数据的要求也越来越高：
- Standardised request/response interfaces (ETSI TS 103 976, based on ETSI TS 103 120)
- Secure, auditable processing of each request
- 原始设备制造商与当局之间明确的操作程序
- For the vehicle’s mobile connection, the operator’s existing 合法拦截 和 warrant-management systems
汽车行业正在成为合法接入生态系统中的重要利益相关者。.
支持合法拦截、调解和合规的组织必须做好准备，以结构化、安全和符合标准的方式应对这些新兴的联网车辆应用场景。.
结论
互联汽车正在改变交通方式，同时也在改变调查方式。.
对于监管机构、运营商、制造商以及 执法机构 一样。.
ETSI TS 103 976, building on TR 103 854, provides the framework for understanding these new use cases and preparing for the next phase of lawful access in the connected vehicle era.
作为 合法拦截与合规解决方案, ICS supports operators with lawful interception and data retention for vehicle connectivity and advises automotive and telematics providers on lawful-disclosure processes aligned with ETSI standards such as TS 103 976. Whether you need mediation platform integration, secure data handover processes, or 监管咨询 ICS 严格遵循 ETSI 和 3GPP 标准，凭借专业技术助您履行相关义务。请联系 ICS，了解我们如何支持您的联网汽车合规战略。.
The volume of connected car data available for investigations keeps growing as connectivity becomes standard in new vehicles. As more vehicles come equipped with always-on connectivity, the connected car data opportunity for law enforcement will only expand.
相关文章
如需进一步了解相关主题，请浏览这些文章：
- OTT Lawful Interception in the EU: When WhatsApp, Teams and Telegram Must Enable Legal Access
- 物联网与合法拦截：LPWAN 和 M2M 运营商日益增长的义务
外部资源
以下外部资源提供了更多背景资料和官方文件：
